Throughout the 2,000-year history of the Catholic Church there have been a variety of popes who chose the name Leo, but only one has come to be referred to as "Leo the Great."
This title is typically given to a saint upon seeing their influence in the world and the Catholic Church. For example, St. Gregory I (590-604) is known as "the Great" for his profound theological writings, strong Church leadership, and enduring contributions to the liturgy, such as Gregorian chant.
"The Great" is not an official title that is awarded by the pope or the Vatican, though at times this may happen, as with Pope Benedict XIV who was the first to call St. Gertrude of Helfta "the Great."
St. Leo the Great
The only Leo to be called "the Great" is Pope Leo I. He was a pope during the 5th century (440-461), a time when the Western Roman Empire was in steep decline and there was much conflict in the world and in the Church.
The Catholic Encyclopedia explains how, "Leo's chief aim was to sustain the unity of the Church." This meant confronting a variety of heresies that were popular throughout Europe, as well as maintaining dialogue with the Eastern Church.
One of the most famous episodes from his life was his encounter with Attila the Hun. The Catholic Encyclopedia summarizes the incident:
When Northern Italy had been devastated by Attila, Leo by a personal encounter with the King of the Huns prevented him from marching upon Rome. At the emperor's wish, Leo, accompanied by the Consul Avienus and the Prefect Trigetius, went in 452 to Upper Italy, and met Attila at Mincio in the vicinity of Mantua, obtaining from him the promise that he would withdraw from Italy and negotiate peace with the emperor.
This highlights St. Leo's desire for peace and for his ability to negotiate with some of the most ruthless men of his times.
Many of his sermons have been preserved over the years and are excellent examples of his particular preaching style.
He was also one of the longest reigning popes, as his pontificate lasted for 21 years.
In 1754 he was named a "Doctor of the Church," and he is honored on April 11 each year in the Roman Rite, and on February 18 in the Eastern Churches.
